Herniated Disc

The vertebral column is made up of 33 vertebrae that are separated by spongy discs. Discs are round-like structures located in between the vertebrae of the spinal column acting as shock absorbers for the spine. A spinal disc has a soft jelly-like center (nucleus pulposus) and a rubber-like tough outer exterior (annulus). A disc herniation occurs when a fragment of the disc nucleus is pushed out through a tear or a rupture in the annulus. The jelly-like material can migrate into the spinal canal and push on a nerve root located just behind the disc space. This can cause pain, weakness, numbness or changes in sensation. Most disc herniation happen in the lumbar spine between the 4^th and 5^th lumbar vertebrae and between the 5^th lumbar vertebrae and the 1^st sacral vertebrae (L4-L5, L5-S1).

Signs and Symptoms of Disc Herniation

*Signs and Symptoms can vary greatly, depending on the size and position of the herniation.

*If the nucleus is not compressing a nerve root, you may not have any signs or symptoms

• Back Pain aggravated by specific activities: coughing, straining, sneezing, bending forward, lifting a heavy object, pushing or pulling
• Numbness, Weakness, sensory changes
• Radiating pain into the legs (usually one side)
• Pain while sitting

Causes of Disc Herniation?

• Disc degeneration- aging disc
• Repetitive loading of the spine
• Improper lifting mechanics- twisting, turning, bending
• Genetics

Treatment Options

• Conservative care
• Spinal Decompression Therapy
• Exercise Therapy- Strengthening and stabilizing
• Education
• Surgery